很多写作工具都会标出“被动语态”,但它并不是语法错误,而是一种风格选择。知道什么时候该用它,能让你的文字更清楚。
主动语态与被动语态 #
在主动语态中,主语发出动作:
The team fixed the bug.(团队修复了这个 bug。)
在被动语态中,主语承受动作:
The bug was fixed (by the team).(这个 bug 被(团队)修复了。)
如何识别被动语态 #
找 be 动词的某种形式(is、are、was、were、been、being)加上过去分词(fixed、sent、made、written)。
- The email was sent.
- Mistakes were made.
- The report is being reviewed.
一个快速测试:如果在动词后面加上 “by zombies”(被僵尸)句子依然通顺,那就是被动语态。The email was sent (by zombies).
为什么主动语态通常更好 #
主动句更短、更直接,而且说明了是谁负责。
| 被动 | 主动 |
|---|---|
| The meeting was canceled by the manager. | The manager canceled the meeting. |
| Your request has been received. | We received your request. |
| It was decided that prices would rise. | We decided to raise prices. |
什么时候被动语态才是正确选择 #
- 动作的执行者未知或不重要:My bike was stolen.(我的自行车被偷了。)
- 动作本身比谁做的更重要:The app was downloaded a million times.(这款应用被下载了一百万次。)
- 科学或正式文体:The samples were heated to 80°C.(样品被加热到 80°C。)
- 委婉得体:A mistake was made in your invoice 听起来比 You made a mistake 更温和。
如何改写被动句 #
- 找出动作的执行者(通常在 by 后面)。
- 把它变成主语。
- 使用主动形式的动词。
The document was reviewed by Anna. → Anna reviewed the document.
让句子更清楚 #
如果觉得某个句子读起来很累赘,就用 AI Grammar Checker 再检查一遍,获得更直接的改写建议。